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Answer following questions in about 100 words. Q1) What does courage mean to Mandela?  How did he learn the meaning of courage? Ans1) Courage means the triumph over fear for Nelson Mandela. South Africa was suffering from the menace of the policy of apartheid for long time. This had a deep and impact on the people. They were accustomed to racial discrimination, suffering, poverty and deprivation. But on the other hand decades of torture and oppression produced men of supreme character like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu. They acquired extra ordinary wisdom and courage. They  risked and sacrificed their lives just for an idea. They were subjected to tortures, brutalities and inhuman treatment. Nelson learned the meaning of courage from them. He understood that courage was the victory over fear, not just its absence. Q2) Which twin obligations have been mentioned in this lesson? Explain? Ans2)According to Nelson Mandela, a man has twin obligations in his life- one f...

Answer following questions in about 100 words.    Q1) How did the post office employees help Lencho? How did he react to their help? Ans1) When Lencho’s crop destroyed due to hailstones, he wrote a letter to ‘God’ as his last resort. The post master received his letter. Firstly he laughed heartily. But then he became serious. He was impressed by the Lencho’s faith in God. He decided to answer the letter so that is faith in god remain intact. He collected money from his friends and employees. He gave a part of his salary. He could collect 70 pesos and sent it to Lencho. When Lencho opened the envelope, he became angry as he knew that god could not deny his request. He thought that post office employees must have stolen his money. He wrote another letter to God requesting him not to send the money through the mail. Q2) Write a character sketch of Lencho? Ans2) Lencho was a simple and hard working farmer. He lived on a low hill with his family. He worked on his fie...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1)  Who is livon Lomov and why does he visit Chubukov? Ans1) Lvon Lomov was a land owner. He wanted to marry daughter, Natalya, of his neighbour chubuknov. So he dressed himself very finely and visited chubukov to propose Natalya. Q2) How does chubuknov react on hearing Lomov ? Ans2) Chubuknov was very happy. He embraced and kissed Lomov. He calling him his darling and angel. Actually he also wanted to marry her daughter to Lomovo. Q3) How do the peasants of chubukov consider Oxen Meadows? Ans3) The peasants of chubukov had been using Oxen Meadows for the last forty years. They consider it as their own. But actually it belonged to the Lomov. Q4) Why does Natalya think the Behavior of Lomov ‘strange’? Ans4) Natalya thought the behavior of Lomov ‘strange’ because she considered the Oxen Meadows as her own land and Lomov was presenting this land to Chubukov. She told him that they have considered him as a good n...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1)Who was the Gautama Buddha? Ans1) Gautama Buddha was a prince wose full name was Siddhartha Gautama. He started his schooling at the age of twelve and returned after four years. He was married to yashdodhara. They had a son and lived a happy, royal life. Q2) While going for hunting what did Gautama see? Write down its effect? Ans2) Gautama saw a sick man, an aged man, a funeral procession and a monk begging for alms. These sights shocked him deeply and he realized that the world is full of sorrows. He left the house and went out to seek enlightenment. Q3) Why was Kisa Gotami wandering? Ans3) Kisa Gostami was a lady who lost her only son. She was wandering in grief. She rushed from one house to another in search of medicines. But people called her insane. Q4) What did the Buddha ask the lady to do? Ans4) The Buddha asked the lady to bring a handful of mustard seed. But he warned her she must bring them from a hou...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1) Why does the conductor call Valli ‘madam’? Ans1)   The conductor called Valli ‘madam’ because she was bold and was traveling alone. She needed no assistant from anyone. Salutation ‘madam’ suited her personality. Moreover conductor was a jolly fellow. Q2)  why does Valli stand up on the seat? What does he see now? Ans2) Valli arranged money and information about this journey with great difficulties. She wanted to see everything with her own eyes. So she stood on the seat to look outside. She saw that the bus was going along the bank of a canal. The road was very narrow. Beyond it were the palm trees, mountains, and field etc. Q3) What does Valli tell the elderly man when he calls her a child? Ans3) Valli was not happy when elderly man called child. She was very smart and mature girl. She did not want to be called herself a child. She told the man that there was no child. She had paid thirty paise like e...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1) When it came to author’s mind to have an otter? Ans1) Author had a pet dog named jonnie who died. The author felt some lonely. He visited southern Iraq in 1956. There this thought came to his mind that that he should have an otter rather than a dog. Q2) what is the most common characteristics of an otter? Ans2) The otter are very fond of water. They become wild on seeing it. . They do not like the water to be stored. They make it flow by rolling, jumping, and plunging in the water. Q3) what was done by mijbil after two days? Ans3) Initially otter was indifferent. After two days, he became aware of his surrounding. He escaped from the bedroom and was found in the bathroom. There he struggling with a chromium tap for water. He managed to open it to get full flow. Q4) What was the amusing scene of the otter in the plane? Ans4) Author placed mij in a box to hide him from airline staff. But mij escaped from the bo...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1) What did Pranjol tell Rajvir about Assam ? Ans1) Pranjol told that Assam is heartland of tea cultivation in India . It is their commercial crop. Assam has the largest concentration of plantations in the world. It exports tea to other countries in the world. Q2) What is the Chinese legend about tea? Ans2) A Chinese emperor liked to drink boiled water. Once while boiling the water, some leaves fell into the pot. The boiled water gave a delicious flavor. They were tea- leaves. Since then these leaves are used as beverage. Q3) Write down the Buddhist legend about tea. Ans3) Once a buddhist ascetic was meditating. During his deep mediation he fell asleep. The monk became furious on himself. He cut his eyelids and threw them on to the ground. There grew ten tea plants. Their leaves can remove sleep. Q4) How are the tea leaves collected in Assam ? Ans4) Tea leaves collection is a labour intensive work. In Assam th...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1) How one can reach coorg? Ans1) There were road, rail and air routes to reach the coorg. From banglore there are two roads, both were about 250-260 km. The route through Mysore is the most common. The other route was through Neelamangal kurigal and chanrayanapatna. Q2) Write down Alexander’s story about coorg descent? Ans2) There are many stories about Coorg’s decent. According to the one story they are the Greek descent. When Alexander’s army was retreating after a long war, a part ot it moved along the south coast. After a long and tiring journey when their return became impossible, they settled there and married the locals. Q3) What is the story of coorg for Arab origin? Ans3) There are many stories about Coorg’s decent. One of them linked their history to the Arab origin. They were long, black coat with an embroidered waist -belt known as ‘kuppia’, it resembles the dress ‘kuffia’ that is worn by the Arabs and th...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1) What does the author tell about the baker when he was a child in Goa ? Ans1) The author told that during his childhood, the baker were the most important person of the society. He visited a house twice a day. The jingling sound indicated his arrival. Q2) How can one recognize a baker?  Ans2) A baker is recognize by his musical entry of jingling of the bamboo stick. He supported the basket on his head with one hand and  banged the bamboo on the ground with the other hand. Q3) How would the children behave on the arrival of a baker? Ans3) The children would rush towards the baker. They climbed on a bench to peep into the basket. Ladies f the house purchased loaves for the elders and the bangles for the children. Q4)What used to be the dress of a baker? Ans4)The baker wore a dress known as kabai. It was a peculiar dress. It consisted of a single piece frock down to the knees. Later in the childhood of th...

Answer following questions in about 40 words. Q1)How did Maddie feel after listening to the note from Wanda’s father? Ans1) After listening to the note from Wanda’s father Maddie was deeply stirred. She was feeling guilty of becoming mute supporter of Peggie in teasing Wanda. She decided to write to peggy to stop making fun of Wanda anymore. Q2) What excuses does Peggy   think up for her behaviour? Why? Ans2) Peggy was much disturbed on listening letter of Wanda’s father. She was feeling bad. But she tried to pacify by thinking that she had never called her a foreigner and she had even not made fun of her name. She had only made fun of Wanda for her claim of having hundred dresses in her closet. She thought either Wanda was a liar or she was too dumb. Q3) What did Peggy and Maddie write in their letter to Wanda? Ans3) By writing a letter to Wanda Peggy and Maddie wanted to express their new feelings about her. They informed her that she had won the contest...