Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 6 – Memories of childhood Long question answers

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 6 – Memories of childhood

Long question answers

Q1.The two accounts that you have read above are based in two distant cultures. What is the commonality of theme found in both of them?

Ans. The narratives presented in the "Memories of Childhood" unit delve into two distinct cultural contexts, featuring two accomplished writers who hail from marginalized communities and reminisce about their formative years. These reflective accounts shed light on their connections with the mainstream society.

Both writers recount the shared experiences of discrimination, oppression, humiliation, suffering, and insults they endured during their youth as members of marginalized communities. Zitkala-Sa underscores the intense prejudice directed at Native American culture and women. The act of stripping her of the blanket that adorned her shoulders left her feeling immodest in her own eyes. The symbolic shearing of her long hair symbolizes a diminished status, aligning with her cultural belief that shingled hair is worn only by those deemed cowards. The substitution of her moccasins with squeaking shoes and the imposition of a regimented breakfast routine signify a systematic erosion of their cultural identity, replaced by the imposition of external dogma.

In contrast, Bama accentuates the humiliations endured by the untouchables, who were denied honor, dignity, and respect due to their lower caste birth. Segregated living, servitude, and humble deference to the higher classes characterized their existence. Maintaining strict avoidance of direct contact with higher-class individuals and their belongings was ingrained in their daily practices. Both narratives converge on a common theme of a rebellious spirit against the prevailing injustices and a resolve to bring about positive change.

Q2. It may take a long time for oppression to be resisted, but the seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life. Do you agree that injustice in any form cannot escape being noticed even by children?

Ans. Children possess a heightened sensitivity and keen observational skills compared to adults. They effortlessly perceive, hear, feel, and undergo the happenings around them, swiftly detecting any deviation from the norm or irregularity.

Initially finding amusement in the peculiar behavior of an elder from her community, Bama observes him awkwardly running while holding a packet by a string. However, her perception undergoes a stark shift upon learning the reason behind his actions. This revelation sparks her anger towards the cruel upper-caste individuals who shamelessly exploit and heap humiliations upon them. Fueled by her ire, she contemplates rebelling against the oppression by seizing the packet of vadai from the landlord and consuming them herself. Her elder brother guides and channels her anger, advising her to focus on diligent study and progress. The seeds of rebellion become evident in her character.

Similarly, Zitkala-Sa exhibits early signs of rebellion. Informed by her friend Judewin that authorities plan to cut their long, heavy hair, she initially contemplates submission due to the perceived strength of the authorities. However, Zitkala-Sa rejects this passive stance, declaring her refusal to submit and expressing her determination to resist. She successfully carries out her resolution by hiding to thwart their attempts. Even when discovered and restrained, she fiercely resists, kicking and scratching wildly. Despite being overpowered and tied to a chair, the spark of rebellion within her remains undiminished by oppression.

Q3. Bama’s experience is that of a victim of the caste system. What kind of discrimination does Zitkala-Sa’s experience depict? What are their responses to their respective situations?

Ans. Bama grapples with the oppressive caste system, being born into a Dalit community, while Zitkala-Sa, a Native American, witnesses the efforts of those in power to eradicate her culture after the conquest of the natives. Zitkala-Sa keenly observes the discrimination directed at Native American culture and women, symbolized by the cutting of her long hair—a poignant representation of submission to the ruling forces. Deprived of her soft moccasins and having her blanket taken away, she experiences a sense of shyness and indecency. The unfamiliar rules at the breakfast table further highlight her cultural alienation.

In response to their respective predicaments, both Bama and Zitkala-Sa resist the prevailing circumstances, refusing to bow down. Their struggle is marked by a determined effort to dismantle barriers imposed by those in power, combating oppression, prejudice, dogma, superstition, and ignorance. Education emerges as their powerful tool in this struggle. Both Zitkala-Sa and Bama dedicate themselves to rigorous study, earning recognition and acclaim. Their foray into writing becomes a vehicle for expressing their viewpoints and perpetuating the battle against discrimination that seeks to restrain and stifle the free flow of their spirits.

Q4. Why did Zitkala-Sa feel oppressed in new establishment?

Ans. From the moment the author was separated from her mother, she endured profound humiliations. Strangers stared at her, treating her like a mere puppet tossed in the air. Her blanket was forcibly taken from her shoulders, leaving her feeling immodestly attired and overwhelmed to the point of wanting to sink to the floor. Subsequently, her soft moccasins, symbolic of the traditional footwear of the local Native Americans, were confiscated, replaced by squeaking shoes. Observing other Indian girls clad in stiff shoes and tightly fitting dresses, with small girls donning sleeved aprons and shingled hair, added to her sense of oppression.

The most grievous indignity she experienced was the cutting of her long hair, a practice associated with cowards in her culture. This act filled her with anguish, making her feel dehumanized, akin to one of the little animals driven by a herder. The deliberate erosion of their culture and the lack of respect towards women proved to be a profoundly oppressive experience.

Q5. What diversions in the streets, shops and the bazaar attracted Bama, tethered her legs and stopped her from going home?

Ans. Bama found a plethora of novelties and peculiarities that captivated her attention. Among them were a performing monkey, a snake charmer's serpent, a wild lemur in cages belonging to the Narikkuravan hunter-gypsy, and a cyclist who had tirelessly pedaled for three consecutive days. The sight of spinning wheels, the Maariyaata temple with its imposing bell, and the cooking of pongal offerings in front of the temple also caught her eye. Notably, a dried fish stall was situated near the statue of Gandhiji, and there were stalls selling sweets and Med snacks. The bazaar featured numerous shops lined up side by side.

Bama also enjoyed various forms of entertainment, such as public meetings held by political parties, street plays, puppet shows, and daring stunts. She observed the unique method waiters used to pour coffee, transferring it from a high-held tumbler to a lower one to cool it down. Her attention was drawn to people skillfully chopping onions while averting their eyes to avoid irritation. She admired the array of fruits available in the bazaar, each in accordance with the season. Additionally, she noticed vendors selling both sweet and savory fried snacks. These commonplace scenes and sights were so captivating that they detained her and hindered her from promptly heading home.

Q6. What indignities did the caste system heap on the lower castes? How could they end the discrimination? How did Bama react to her brother’s advice?

Ans. Annan emphasized that the caste system was marked by severe discrimination, placing the lower castes at a distinct disadvantage where honor, dignity, and respect were perpetually denied to them. To break free from this social injustice, self-improvement was deemed essential. Annan advocated that through diligent study and progress, individuals could cast off the shackles of indignity.

He specifically advised Bama to pursue her studies with diligence, absorbing as much knowledge as possible. By consistently excelling in her lessons, people would naturally gravitate towards her, seeking her company. "Work hard and learn" became the guiding principles that shaped Bama's life. With an almost fervent dedication, she immersed herself in her studies, ultimately securing the top position in her class. This accomplishment not only earned her numerous friends but also marked the inception of her illustrious career.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 5 – On the Face of It (Susan Hill) Theme

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 5 – On the Face of It (Susan Hill)

Theme

The play delves into the repercussions of physical impairment on an individual's body, mind, and soul. While the actual pain and inconveniences caused by disabilities are considerable, the predominant theme revolves around the profound sense of alienation experienced by those with physical challenges. Conventional notions suggest that individuals who have lost organs or suffered disfigurement should either remain confined to hospitals or interact exclusively with others sharing similar disabilities. The playwright disapproves of this notion, as it would result in a peculiar, isolated world.

The playwright advocates for a transformative shift in society's attitude towards victims of accidents or disasters. A more considerate and thoughtful approach is necessary, acknowledging the efforts of physically challenged individuals striving to overcome their disabilities and compete on an equal footing with others. This thematic exploration unfolds through the dynamic interaction between two characters—old Mr. Lamb and the young boy, Derry. Mr. Lamb, with his unique perspective and probing questions, persuades Derry to adopt a positive outlook on life. The play underscores that true happiness stems from a positive attitude towards life.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 5 – On the Face of It. (Susan Hill) Summary

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 5 – On the Face of It. (Susan Hill)

Summary

The narrative commences with a teenage boy entering a garden, his face bearing the scars of an accident involving acid, leaving one side disfigured. Seeking refuge due to the fear of societal ridicule, he stumbles upon the presence of an elderly man, Mr. Lamb, the garden's owner. Despite contemplating departure, Derry is urged to stay by Mr. Lamb, who graciously welcomes him and dismisses any guilt for the unauthorized entry.

Derry, burdened by the belief that people despise his appearance and fear him, engages in a conversation with Mr. Lamb. The exchange reveals Derry's fears, depression, and resentment towards his condition. In contrast, Mr. Lamb, sharing his own challenge of a tin leg, emphasizes a positive outlook on life. The two gradually form a friendship, and Mr. Lamb invites Derry to assist in harvesting crab apples.

As their rapport deepens, a conflict arises when Derry is encouraged to seek permission from his mother before aiding Mr. Lamb. Reluctantly, Derry agrees to return after obtaining approval. In Mr. Lamb's absence, assuming Derry won't return, he attempts to climb the ladder himself, leading to a fatal fall.

Upon his return, Derry discovers Mr. Lamb lying lifeless on the ground. In a futile attempt to revive him, Derry realizes the old man's demise and is overcome with grief, shedding tears for his newfound friend.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 5 – On the Face of It. (Susan Hill) Short question answers

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 5 – On the Face of It. (Susan Hill)

Short question answers

Q1.“Mind the apples!”, says Mr Lamb. Why do you think, does he issue this instruction, to whom and how many times?

Ans. Mr Lamb gives this advice to Derry, a fourteen-year-old kid who climbs over the garden wall to enter the garden. He asks Derry twice to notice the apples that have been blown down from the trees and thrown on the grass. He (Derry) might place his foot on an apple, fall, and hint himself.

Q2. What is the attitude of Mr Lamb to the small boy who comes to his garden ?
AnsMr Lamb's attitude toward the tiny boy is compassionate, protective, and accommodating. Mr Lamb, like an elder in the family, encourages the small kid to mind the apples so that he does not trip. He also tells the youngster to not be terrified.

Q3. What explanation does the small boy offer for coming into the garden? How does Mr Lamb react to it?

Ans. The boy believed that this was an empty space. He had no idea anybody was there. Mr Lamb reassures him that everything is fine. He asks the youngster what he's terrified of. He informs the youngster that the house is empty since he is in the garden and is likely to remain there. Such a lovely day should not be wasted indoors.

Q4. “T ‘m not afraid. People are afraid of me,” says Derry. What do people think on seeing his face? How do they react then?

Ans. They are horrified by Derry's face. They believe it is the ugliest thing they have ever seen. They call him a poor youngster because one side of his face was burned by acid. Some of them are terrified of his hideous and terrifying face.

Q5. How does Mr Lamb change the subject from ugly face to ripe apples?
OR
How does Mr Lamb keep himself busy when it is a bit cooler ?

Ans. There is a brief lull in the talk. Then Mr Lamb changes the subject. He says he'll fetch the ladder and a stick once it's cooler. Then he'll pull down the delicious crab apples. He produces jellies. He refers to these orange and golden apples as "magic fruit." September is an excellent season to produce jelly. He offers to help the boy.

Q6. Why, according to Derry, has the old man changed the subject?

Ans. Derry claims that people always change the subject. They do not inquire about his physical disability. They simply pretend that it is false and does not exist. They don't want the boy to become upset. He believes the old man has changed the subject because he is afraid to ask about his burned face.

Q7. “You got burned in a fire,” says Mr Lamb. What do you think, had happened to Derry’s face?

Ans. Derry's face was not charred in a fire. He got acid all over that side of his face, and it burned everything away. Derry claims that the acid ate not only his face, but also him. One side of his face is hideous and will never change..

Q8. How does Mr Lamb react to Derry’s query: ‘Aren’t you interested’?

Ans. Mr Lamb informs Derry that he is interested in everyone and everything. God is fascinated by what he has created. Fruit and flowers, trees and herbs, grass and weeds all pique his curiosity. Even garbage or trash is interesting. He sees no fundamental distinction between a "weed" and another 'flower' because both reflect life—developing or growing.

Q9. How, according to Derry, does the tin leg not trouble Mr Lamb? What explanation does the old man offer?

Ans. Derry believes the old man can put on trousers and cover his tin leg. Then nobody sees it. As a result, people are less likely to notice and stare at his face. Mr Lamb explains that some people notice and gaze at his impairment. Some do not. Eventually, they tire of it. Furthermore, there are many things to look at.

Q10.“There’s plenty of other things to stare at.” Which ‘things’ are worth staring at and why?

Ans. According to the old man, there are numerous things to look at. These include crab apples, weeds, a spider ascending a silken ladder, and towering sunflowers. They're all beautiful and 'growing'. Derry is astonished at the mention of 'objects'. Mr Lamb tries to convince him that everything is relative. He then says 'Beauty and the Beast'.

Q11. How does Mr Lamb try to remove the baseless fears of Derry’?

Ans. Derry has had withdrawal symptoms. He doesn't like being around people. Mr Lamb tells him the story of someone who was terrified of everything in the world. So he entered his room and locked the door. He climbed into his bed and remained there for a time. Then a picture fell off the wall onto his skull, killing him.

Q12. In what ways does Mr Lamb inspire Derry to overcome his physical disability?

Ans. Mr Lamb informs Derry that he has two arms, two legs, eyes, and ears. He possesses both a tongue and a brain. He will proceed as he sees fit, just like everyone else. And if he chooses and sets his mind to it, he has the potential to outperform everyone else.

Q13. Why does Derry’s mother oppose his going back to the old man’s garden?

Ans. Derry's mother informs him that she has heard stories about the elderly man. In fact, she's been warned. Despite having lived there for three months, she knows what is important, and Derry will not return.

Q14. What argument does Derry give to convince his mother why he wants to go to the old man’s garden?

Ans. Derry claims that the old man has a tin leg. He lives in a large mansion with no curtains. He owns a garden. Derry wants to be there and hear what is important. Things no one else has ever spoken. Things he wants to think about. They are not concerned with his appearance.

Q15. Comment on the ending of the play ‘On The Face Of If.

Ans. The play's ending is sad but dramatic. Mr Lamb, who works actively despite his physical impairment, loses his balance and goes down the ladder. Derry enters and attempts to chat with Mr Lamb, but he does not respond. Mr Lamb's "exit" is exactly what Derry envisioned earlier in the play.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 5 – On the Face of It (Susan Hill) Long question answers

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 5 – On the Face of It (Susan Hill)

Long question answers

Q1. What is it that draws Derry towards Mr Lamb in spite of himself?

Ans. Both Derry and Mr. Lamb contend with physical challenges. Derry bears the scars of acid burns, disfiguring and burning one side of his face, while Mr. Lamb relies on a tin leg due to the loss of his real leg in the war. Beyond these physical impediments, Derry discerns signs of loneliness and disillusionment in Mr. Lamb's life. Despite the old man's efforts to overcome these emotions, the sense of isolation weighs more heavily on him than the physical disabilities themselves.

For Derry, interactions with people become a source of distress, as they recoil from his frightening and seemingly ugly facial appearance, fostering a pervasive fear of him. Even Derry's parents express concern about his well-being and discuss his future with an air of unease.

In contrast, Mr. Lamb introduces Derry to a fresh perspective. He encourages him to observe, listen, feel, and contemplate the world around him without harboring animosity. Mr. Lamb contends that hatred is more corrosive than acid, as it burns from within. Despite Derry possessing all his God-given limbs, Mr. Lamb urges him to make resolute decisions and work steadfastly towards his goals, assuring him that success is achievable. Emphasizing that fearlessness on Derry's part will dispel fear in others, these insights foster a deep connection between Derry and Mr. Lamb.

Q2. In which section of the play does Mr Lamb display signs of loneliness and disappointment? What are the ways in which Mr Lamb tries to overcome these feelings?

Ans. In the midst of the initial scene of the play, it becomes evident that Mr. Lamb is grappling with feelings of loneliness and disappointment. Expressing a desire to engage in activities, he mentions fetching a ladder and stick to harvest crab apples, intending to make jelly, and suggests that Derry could assist him. He declares a keen interest in anything and anyone crafted by God—be it a person, flower, fruit, grass, weed, or even discarded items. Mr. Lamb finds pleasure in observing various elements, including his crab apples, weeds, a spider ascending a silken ladder, and his towering sunflowers.

Moreover, Mr. Lamb relishes conversation and companionship, highlighting his fascination with the myriad things created by God. His hive of bees provides a source of auditory delight as he listens to their harmonious buzzing. Basking in the sunlight, he indulges in reading books, appreciating both the play of light and the embrace of darkness. Mr. Lamb also enjoys the sounds of the wind wafting through open windows, eschewing curtains as they either exclude or confine elements. These activities represent Mr. Lamb's attempts to mitigate his sense of loneliness.

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Q3. The actual pain or inconvenience caused by a physical impairment is often much less than the sense of alienation felt by the person with disabilities. What is the kind of behaviour that the person expects from others?

Ans. The play 'On The Face Of It' directs our focus towards the physical suffering and emotional turmoil experienced by individuals dealing with physical impairments. Susan Hill, the playwright, introduces two central characters—an elderly man and a young boy—each grappling with distinct forms of physical disabilities.

The old man copes with the challenges of a tin leg, initially experiencing pain upon its removal, but eventually adapting to its presence. He encounters occasional discomfort during wet weather and finds limitations in activities like running, climbing trees, or ascending ladders. Living alone in a sizable house with a garden, he navigates life with his physical impediment.

On the other hand, the boy bears the aftermath of severe acid burns, enduring both physical agony during the incident and emotional distress post-hospital discharge. Society's negative reactions to his disfigured face create a painful reality for him. People perceive his appearance as horrifying and repulsive, displaying signs of fear and actively avoiding him. Consequently, he faces rejection and, to some extent, hatred, making him feel like an outsider in society. His reluctance to be scrutinized stems from this deep-seated discomfort.

Evidently, the prevalent theme is the profound alienation experienced by these individuals with disabilities, causing persistent emotional pain. Rather than seeking tears, sympathy, or pity, they desire considerate and kind behavior from others. Being pointed at, given derogatory nicknames, ridiculed, or made the subject of amusement is highly unwelcome. All they ask for is reasonable treatment that acknowledges and appreciates the challenges they face.

Q4. How does Derry behave on entering Mr Lamb’s garden?

Ans. Derry opts not to use the gate to enter the garden, choosing instead to climb over the garden wall. The sound of his footsteps is audible as he moves cautiously and tentatively through the tall grass. Startled, he exhibits signs of fear and nervousness when Mr. Lamb unexpectedly instructs him to be mindful of the apples, cautioning about the potential for tripping.

In response to Mr. Lamb's presence, Derry explains that he perceived the area as uninhabited. Mr. Lamb reassures him, stating that the house is vacant until he enters, emphasizing the importance of enjoying the beautiful day outdoors. However, Derry becomes anxious and expresses the urgency to leave. His frustration surfaces when he discovers that the old man had been observing him, and he clarifies that his intention was not to pilfer anything.

When Mr. Lamb encourages him once more not to be afraid, Derry responds by revealing the harsh reality that people fear him due to his perceived ugly and frightening facial appearance.

Q5. What efforts does Mr Lamb make to strike up a friendship with Derry, the small boy, who enters his garden ?

Ans. Mr. Lamb embodies qualities of gentleness, accommodation, and protectiveness. When instructing Derry to be cautious around the apples to avoid tripping, he adopts a considerate approach. Rather than reacting angrily to Derry's unconventional entry, Mr. Lamb points out that the gate is always open, extending a warm welcome. His affable demeanor and conciliatory tone resonate with the rebellious nature of a boy like Derry, who typically avoids social interaction.

Upon discovering the extent of Derry's facial burns, Mr. Lamb diverges from the common reactions of fear and revulsion. Instead, he displays understanding and affection, acknowledging a shared connection by revealing his own physical challenge—a tin leg. Gradually, he endeavors to build trust with Derry, drawing parallels to the tale of 'Beauty and the Beast.' Subsequently, he narrates a story about a man who, consumed by fear, isolated himself. Mr. Lamb's positive outlook on life serves as an inspiration, eventually prompting Derry to open up to him as one would to a friend.

Q6. What is the bond that unites the two—old Mr Lamb and Derry, the small boy ? How does the old man inspire the small boy?

Ans. It is the bond of physical impairment that unites old Mr Lamb and the small boy, Derry. He got his leg blown off during the war and since then he has a tin leg. Derry got one side of his face burnt by acid. Their respective disabilities have not only caused pain and suffer¬ing to the body but to their mind and soul as well. They have to live with their physical impairment. Mr Lamb has adjusted himself to the ways of the world and stopped bother¬ing about what people call him. He keeps himself busy in meaningful activities like pick¬ing apples, making jelly, bee-keeping and preparing toffee from honey. He loves reading books, hearing music, observing beautiful things and thinking about them. He inspires the small boy by saying that he has all the God-given organs intact. He has to decide what to do. He must work for it and then he can outshine even the others. Derry admits that ‘Handsome is he who handsome does.’ For him his face or how he looks does not matter now. He has become positive and has started thinking differently.

Q7. Compare and contrast the characters of Mr. Lamb and Derry.

Ans. Mr. Lamb and the young boy Derry share a commonality in their experience of physical impairment, both having become victims of these disabilities from birth. Mr. Lamb lost his leg in the war, and Derry's face bears the scars of acid burns, rendering one side of it notably ugly and frightening.

Beyond this shared aspect, their dissimilarities are pronounced. While Mr. Lamb is elderly, Derry is a fourteen-year-old boy. Mr. Lamb enjoys socializing and conversing, whereas Derry tends to be withdrawn and defiant, avoiding contact with people.

Mr. Lamb, undeterred by his lameness, has cultivated a love for reading, music, appreciating beauty, and contemplation. He exudes calmness and patience, posing thought-provoking questions that compel Derry to recognize the significance of actions over mere appearances. Despite his physical limitation, Mr. Lamb engages in activities such as picking apples, making jelly, tending to a beehive, and crafting toffees from honey. The gate to his garden is always open, symbolizing his openness to others.

Under Mr. Lamb's guidance, Derry undergoes a transformation in his perspective on life. He adopts a positive outlook and appears content.

Q8. Draw a character sketch of Derry.

Ans. At the age of fourteen, Derry presents as a withdrawn and defiant young boy, marked by the disfigurement of one side of his face due to acid burns, resulting in an appearance that is both ugly and frightening. This traumatic incident has left him grappling with an inferiority complex.

Derry exhibits heightened sensitivity to the opinions of others, be it his parents, family friends, well-wishers, or even strangers. The anxiety, concern, fear, and revulsion expressed by these individuals affect him more profoundly than the physical pain inflicted by the burns.

Despite facing these challenges, Derry demonstrates intelligence, swiftly grasping the moral lesson behind Mr. Lamb's mention of the story 'Beauty and the Beast': "Handsome is as handsome does." Despite this insight, he occasionally succumbs to self-pity, declaring, "I won't change... and no one'll kiss me ever."

Derry's sensitivity extends to an awareness of others' suffering, eliciting sympathy for himself as he inquires about the old man's leg, pain, and solitary existence. However, he also exhibits a capacity for learning, being impressed by the old man's resilient approach to life despite physical handicaps. Ultimately, Derry undergoes a transformation wherein he disregards concerns about his appearance, aspiring to see, hear, learn, think, and accomplish unique feats. In essence, Derry emerges as a character in the process of development.

Q9. Draw a character sketch of old Mr Lamb.

Ans. The central figure in the play, Mr. Lamb assumes the role of the protagonist, maintaining a commanding presence from the play's outset to its conclusion. His character leaves a lasting impression as a perceptive, watchful, kind, considerate, and sympathetic individual. Demonstrating gentleness, accommodation, and protectiveness, Mr. Lamb places a higher priority on the boy's well-being than on the apples in his care.

Despite keeping his gates open and asserting numerous friendships, Mr. Lamb grapples with a sense of alienation stemming from his physical impairment. Living alone, he experiences a degree of misery, craving companionship and conversation, which he willingly shares even with the young boy.

Mr. Lamb assumes the roles of a contemporary communicator and a psychologist, emphasizing the importance of bringing out the best in each person. His adept handling of situations and unique questioning prompts Derry to reconsider some of his deeply entrenched beliefs, encouraging him to engage with the world around him. In this way, Mr. Lamb becomes a source of inspiration for those burdened by depression and gloom.

Practical and pragmatic, Mr. Lamb's way of life serves as a valuable lesson for individuals contending with physical handicaps. His example highlights the potential for undertaking meaningful activities that infuse life with purpose and direction, warding off the specter of boredom. Even in moments of vulnerability, such as his fall with the ladder, Mr. Lamb exhibits a grace reminiscent of Christ.

Q10. Comment on the ending of the play ‘On The Face Of It’. How far do you find it effective ?

Ans. The play concludes with a suggestive and poignant scene. While engaged in apple-picking, Mr. Lamb experiences a fall alongside the ladder. Upon entering the garden, Derry is met with an eerie silence and is both surprised and shocked to discover Mr. Lamb on the ground. Expressing hope that everything is alright, Derry kneels beside him, assuring the old man of his return and presence. He implores Mr. Lamb to rise and engage in conversation. The lack of response prompts Derry to shed tears.

This dramatic and stage-worthy ending paints Mr. Lamb as a Christ-like figure, with the ladder beneath him. Despite its pathos, the conclusion doesn't cast a shadow of gloom but rather functions as a guiding light. Symbolically, it signifies the passing of the torch from the older generation to the younger one. It resembles a soldier exiting with the satisfaction of a completed mission. While Mr. Lamb physically departs, his philosophical legacy is handed over to Derry, inspiring him to discover his aspirations and pursue higher goals. Thus, though Mr. Lamb's physical existence ceases, his ideas endure, motivating Derry to achieve meaningful objectives. In this context, the conclusion is both impactful and meaningful.

Q11. Both Derry and Lamb are physically impaired and lonely. It is the responsibility of society to understand and support people with infirmities so that they do not suffer from a sense of alienation. As a responsible citizen, write, in about 100 words what you would do to bring about a change in the lives of such people. [All India 2014]

Ans. Both Mr. Lamb and the young boy Derry share a commonality in that they both experience physical impairments, conditions they acquired after birth. It is crucial to refrain from reprimanding individuals facing such challenges; instead, they should be treated with honor and respect within society. Encountering pessimism can potentially deepen their sorrows and lead to a sense of alienation. As responsible citizens, it becomes our duty to ensure these individuals are accorded a dignified place in society, allowing them to integrate into the mainstream and lead lives akin to those without disabilities. Fostering an environment that doesn't constantly remind them of their impairments is essential for fulfilling our role as responsible citizens.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 4 – The Enemy (Pearl S Buck) Summary

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 4 – The Enemy

(Pearl S Buck)

Summary

The Enemy unfolds in Japan during World War II, where an injured American soldier washes ashore near the residence of Dr. Sadao Hoki, a Japanese surgeon. Despite Dr. Sadao's experience living in America and practicing a modern profession, his family adheres to traditional Japanese customs.

Faced with a moral quandary, Dr. Sadao deliberates whether to leave the American soldier to perish, return him to the sea, hand him over to the military, or save his life. Despite reservations, he brings the soldier home and resolves to save him. However, the presence of an enemy disrupts the tranquility of his family life, with his wife opposing the idea of treating the soldier. The household servants also voice dissent and depart, yet Dr. Sadao shelters, operates on, and rescues the soldier.

To evade accusations of harboring an enemy, Dr. Sadao confides in a general within the Japanese military. The general offers to eliminate the man using hired killers, but the plan fails. After three nights of waiting, Dr. Sadao contemplates disposing of the American himself. He arranges a boat to transport the man to a nearby island, furnishing him with provisions and clothing to survive until he encounters a Korean fishing boat that could offer assistance. Pondering his actions, Dr. Sadao questions why he saved the life of an enemy.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 4 – The Enemy (Pearl S Buck) Theme

 

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Vistas

Chapter 4 – The Enemy

(Pearl S Buck)

Theme

Pearl S. Buck's short story "The Enemy" explores prejudice and its negative effects on human relationships. The plot revolves around the meeting of a Chinese doctor and an American soldier, who were initially strangers, during the American war on Japan during WWII. Regardless of ethnicity, the Japanese must remain loyal to his trade, saving the life of the injured enemy soldier. However, this does not sit well with his fellow men, who regard him as unfaithful to his country. The story depicts how the Japanese doctor, Sadao, balances these two responsibilities while emphasizing the importance of humanity above all else.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 4 – The Enemy (Pearl S Buck) Long question answers

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 4 – The Enemy

(Pearl S Buck)

Long question answers

 

Q1. Why did Sadao Hoki go to America? What do you learn about his experiences there?
Ans. Sadao's father placed paramount importance on his education. Consequently, at the age of twenty-two, he was dispatched to America to acquire the utmost knowledge in surgery and medicine. He dedicated eight years to his studies before returning to Japan at the age of thirty. By the time his father passed away, Sadao had garnered fame, not merely as a skilled surgeon but also as a reputable scientist.

His time in America was marred by considerable challenges in securing accommodation due to his Japanese heritage. Enduring the pervasive prejudice, living among individuals he deemed inferior, proved a bitter experience. Ultimately, he reluctantly found lodging in the home of an ignorant and unclean elderly woman, whose kindness failed to diminish his repulsion towards her.

Amidst this adversity, there were a few kind souls among his American acquaintances. One of his professors and the professor's wife harbored genuine concern for their handful of foreign students. However, their quarters were notably cramped, the quality of food unsatisfactory, and the professor himself unremarkable in demeanor, while his wife tended towards trivial and incessant chatter.

Q2. What was the dilemma that Sadao faced when he saw a wounded, young white man washed to his doorstep? What solution did his wife, Hana, offer to resolve his (Sadao’s) predicament?
Ans. The young Caucasian man was bleeding from a bullet wound on his lower back, urgently requiring medical attention. Dr. Sadao, a renowned surgeon, possessed the skills to provide aid. However, harboring a white man in their residence risked their arrest. Conversely, turning him over as a prisoner meant certain death. Neither option of returning him to the sea to dispose of him was tenable. Bound by their true humanistic values, they found themselves in a quandary.

Sadao acknowledged the man's American origin as his adversary, admitting that, under normal circumstances, he would have handed him to the authorities. Yet, the man's injury altered the situation. He hesitated, conveying his training as a doctor, highlighting his ethical duty not to let a wounded man perish if he could assist.

Hana proposed bringing the man inside the house, suggesting they inform the servants of their intent to surrender him to the police. She underscored the potential risk to Sadao's professional standing and their family's safety if they didn't turn him in as a prisoner of war. Her arguments assuaged Sadao's reservations, leading them to decide to bring the injured man into their home.

Q3. How did the servants initially react to the presence of a white man in their masters house?
Ans. When Dr. Sadao divulged to the cook and gardener about the wounded young Caucasian man they had ushered into the house, both servants appeared alarmed and perplexed. The superstitious old gardener, visibly irritated, tugged at the few hairs on his upper lip. He forthrightly conveyed to Hana that their master should not tend to the white man's injury, suggesting that the man should meet his demise. He rationalized that the white man had been shot and then harmed by the sea's rocks; healing him might provoke retribution from both the gun and the sea.

Even the maid, Yumi, declined to attend to the man, despite Hana's stern rebuke and insistence that she follow the master's directive. The servants appeared obstinate, and Yumi's passive resistance alarmed Hana. She feared that the servants might misreport the situation. Retaining her composure, Hana explained that their intention was to facilitate the man's surrender as a prisoner of war. However, this rationale failed to sway Yumi, and she adamantly refused to assist the injured white man.

Q4. Write the charactersketch of Hana.

Ans. Hana embodies the complement of her husband, Dr. Sadao Hoki. She seamlessly adapts to his mannerisms and recognizes that saving lives is his paramount mission, often causing him to immerse himself fully in his patients' care, even to the extent of forgetting her existence. Despite years of marriage, their love and affection for each other remain steadfast.

She demonstrates deep care for her husband, ensuring he doesn't endure the cold, foggy February night outside. While somewhat sentimental, she maintains a pragmatic approach. Insightful about her husband's thoughts, she swiftly offers solutions and maintains her composure amid the servants' resistance and defiance. As a devoted and obedient wife, she dutifully carries out her husband's directives, including tending to the wounded white man, administering anesthesia, and providing nourishment.

Her paramount concern lies in safeguarding her husband's safety, status, and reputation. Initially, she tentatively suggests disposing of the man into the sea out of fear of potential misreporting by the servants. Her apprehensions heighten notably when a uniformed messenger arrives from the palace. To allay her fears, Dr. Sadao resolves to find a way to eliminate the white man. In essence, she epitomizes an ideal life partner.

Q5. What impression do you form of Dr Sadao as a man and as a surgeon from your reading of the story ‘The Enemy’?

Or write the charactersketch of Sadao.
Ans. Dr. Sadao Hoki epitomized a true Japanese individual, following in the footsteps of his father. A courageous and obedient youth, he held deep respect for Japanese culture, traditions, and its people. Renowned for his intelligence and diligence, he pursued an extensive eight-year study in surgery and medicine in America. His marriage to Hana, a fellow Japanese he met in America, followed the traditional Japanese arrangement once they returned home, later blessing them with two children. Despite the passage of time, his affection for his wife remained as fervent as ever, maintaining a disciplined routine of returning home at consistent hours.

As an esteemed surgeon and scientist, Dr. Sadao earned the complete trust of the elderly General, who refrained from sending him overseas with the troops due to the potential need for an operation. His dedication to his profession was unwavering, often being summoned at unusual hours from the palace. Driven by his fundamental belief in saving lives, he chose to treat an injured "enemy" rather than surrendering him to the authorities, despite the grave risk this posed to his own safety and reputation.

Facing a dilemma when unable to execute the man himself, he sought assistance from the old General to dispose of the prisoner. However, when this plan failed, he allowed the man to escape, prioritizing calming his wife's fears and ensuring the smooth functioning of their household. While some might perceive this action as a stain from a narrow patriotic perspective, Dr. Sadao, with a sensitive soul, found it impossible to retract a gift once given.

Q6. Under what circumstances did Dr Sadao let the wounded white man escape? Was it lack of national loyalty, professional ego and sentimentality, human consideration or just an attempt to save his skin?

Ans. Hr Sadao had no love for the repulsive Americans and he considered them his enemies. Unfortunately, the sea-waves pushed a wounded white man to his doorstep. He knew that the best possible thing was to throw him back into the sea. He could not handover a wounded ‘enemy’ to police because he would certainly die. Being a doctor, he could save him and not kill him. His efforts to get him removed with the help of the old General’s private assassins did not bear fruit.
He was under a severe strain. His domestic servants had left him. His wife had to do unaccustomed labour and run the household. Moreover, his wife was anxious about his safety. They might be arrested for harbouring an enemy prisoner of war and condemned as traitors.
Dr Sadao let the man escape in the larger interest of professional ethics and human consideration. He rose above narrow national loyalty and sentimentality. He did not think of himself as the General had already assured him that no harm would be caused to him. The matter remained unreported and closed from public eyes and ears. The servants returned after the white man had “left”. Everything became normal again.

Q7. Comment on the role of the old General in the story ‘The Enemy’.

Ans. The old General plays an important role in the story. He is being treated medically for a condition which might need an operation any time. Since he has full faith in Dr Sadao, he is kept back in Japan. Dr Sadao is indispensable to the General. He assures Sadao that nothing will happen to him and he will not be arrested.
The arrival of the messenger rouses Hana’s worst fears. She thinks that police has come to arrest her husband. Dr Sadao gets distressed at her anxiety and decides to get rid of the white man for her sake. When Dr Sadao confides in the General, the latter promises to send two of his private assassins to remove the man from the scene.
The old General has an unsual sense of humour as well as frankness and ability to admit his mistake. Dr Sadao keeps on waiting for three nights for the assassins who fail to turn up. He loses sleep and rest. Finally he lets the white man escape.
When Dr Sadao tells the General that the man has escaped, the General admits that he forgot his promise. He was suffering a great deal and thought of nothing but himself. It was careless of him but not lack of patriotism or dereliction of duty, It is his self-absorption and instinct of preserving himself that saves Dr Sadao and his family from being arrested.

Q8. What was the General’s plan to get rid of the American prisoner ? Was it executed ? What traits of the General’s character are highlighted in the lesson ‘The Enemy’?[All India 2014]

Ans. The General devised a plan to eliminate the American prisoner by dispatching his personal assassins for the task, intending to remove the prisoner's body from Sadao's residence. Regrettably, this scheme failed to materialize; the assassins were not sent, and the plan remained unexecuted.

The General, known for his unconventional humor, forthrightness, and willingness to acknowledge errors, exhibited an uncommon sense of humor. Dr. Sadao, anticipating the assassins' arrival for three consecutive nights, suffered from sleepless nights and restlessness as they failed to appear. Eventually, he made the decision to allow the white man to escape.

Upon informing the General of the man's escape, the General conceded to forgetting his pledge. Acknowledging his lapse as an act of carelessness rather than a lack of patriotism, the General's preoccupation with self-preservation inadvertently shielded Dr. Sadao and his family from potential arrest.

Q9. What will Dr Sadao do to get rid of the man?

Ans. Dr. Sadao had disclosed to the old General that he had performed surgery on a white man. In response, the General pledged to dispatch his clandestine assassins to eliminate the man under the cover of darkness and dispose of his body. Dr. Sadao left the partition of the white man's room ajar, eagerly anticipating action for three consecutive nights. During this time, the servants vacated the house, leaving Dr. Sadao's wife, Hana, to undertake unfamiliar tasks of cooking, cleaning, and attending to the wounded man, causing her considerable anxiety to rid themselves of the man.

Informing the white man, Tom, that he had sufficiently recovered, Dr. Sadao offered to assist in placing his boat ashore that very night. Equipped with provisions and additional clothing, Tom could potentially row to a nearby uninhabited island, unfortified and typically submerged during storms. As the stormy season was not imminent, Tom could reside there until he sighted a passing Korean fishing boat. Dr. Sadao provided Tom with a flashlight, instructing him to signal twice at sunset if in need of assistance. If all was well, a single signal would suffice.

In aiding the man's escape from Japan, Dr. Sadao also managed to rid himself of the man. He clothed Tom in Japanese attire and concealed his blonde hair with a black cloth, facilitating the man's departure while simultaneously ensuring his removal from their lives.