Class 10 Political Science/ Civics Chapter 4- Political Parties

 

Class 10 Political Science/ Civics

Chapter 4- Political Parties


Notes

 

 

1.    The Importance of Political Parties:

Political parties are like the face of democracy. For common people, democracy means picking their favorite party at the ballot box. A political party is a group of people who join to run in elections and gain control in government. They agree on some ideas and also have opinions on different topics that they think are good for society.

They try to convince people why their ideas are better than others'. They put these ideas into action by getting support from people, which helps them win elections. Political parties represent different groups in society and encourage people to support them.

A political party has three main parts: leaders, active members, and followers.

2.    What Political Parties Do:

Besides winning elections and having power, political parties do other important things:

  • They compete in elections and let candidates use their party name and symbol.
  • They present different programs and ideas, and voters pick the ones they like. Since there are lots of people with lots of ideas, parties group similar ideas together to make it easier for voters.
  • Parties help make laws for the country since most lawmakers belong to a party.
  • When they win enough votes, parties form and run the government.
  • If they don't win enough votes, parties become the opposition. They watch the government closely and criticize it when they think it's doing something wrong.
  • Parties also influence what people think about. They talk about issues and sometimes start movements with the help of their members and supporters.
  • Parties give people access to government services and benefits to get their support for future elections.
  1. Why We Need Political Parties:

Understanding why we need political parties in a democracy is important, especially when they're not around:

  • Without political parties, candidates with different ideas run for elections on their own. This makes it hard to form a government because no one agrees on how to run the country.
  • In places where political parties are absent, people support different groups, and there's no one to guide public opinion. Political parties help shape public opinion by talking about important issues.
  • Because societies are complicated, we need political parties to gather different ideas and present them effectively to the government.
  • Political parties are linked to representative democracy, which is important in big societies where regular people can't be part of every decision.
  1. Different Political Party Systems:

Different countries have different ways of organizing their political parties:

  • One-Party System: Only one party runs elections and the government. This doesn't give people a choice and isn't good for democracy, like in China and North Korea.
  • Two-Party System: Most of the power is between two big parties, even though other small parties exist. This happens in the United States and the United Kingdom.
  • Multi-Party System: More than two parties compete in elections, giving people many choices. India is an example of this.
  1. Types of Political Parties in India: India has many political parties, but they're split into two main types: national and state parties:
  • National Parties: These parties are all over the country and have a say in national and state-level politics. Examples include the Aam Aadmi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Indian National Congress, and National People's Party.
  • State Parties: These parties only work in one or two states and focus on local issues. They play an important role in forming alliances with national parties. Examples include the Biju Janata Dal, Mizo National Front, Sikkim Democratic Front, and Telangana Rashtra Samithi.
  1. Making Political Parties Better:

Political parties have some problems, but we can fix them to make democracy stronger:

  • More Democracy in Parties: Letting more people in the party have a say in decisions, not just the leaders.
  • No More Family Politics: Leaders should be chosen based on their skills, not because they're related to someone important.
  • Less Money and Power: We need rules to stop parties from using money and force to win elections.
  • More Choices: Parties should have different ideas so people can pick what they believe in.
  1. How to reform Parties Better: We can improve political parties in different ways:
  • Change the Law: Make rules that stop politicians from switching parties and force them to tell people about their money and any crimes they've committed.
  • Courts' Help: Judges can make politicians follow the rules and be honest about their money and actions.
  • People Power: By speaking up and showing politicians what they want, regular people can make parties change.
  • Get Involved: If people who want change join politics, they can make things better. More people taking part means better democracy.

In conclusion, political parties are vital for democracy, but they need to change to work better for everyone. We can make them better by changing the law, courts helping out, people speaking up, and more folks getting involved in politics.

8. National Parties

  1. Aam Aadmi Party (AAP):
    1. Founded in 2012 by Arvind Kejriwal after a split from the anti-corruption movement led by Anna Hazare in 2011.
    2. Promotes the ideologies of nationalism, populism, secularism, and socialism.
    3. Holds significant political presence in Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, and other regions.
    4. Currently governs in Delhi and Punjab, with Arvind Kejriwal serving as its national convener.
  2. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP):
    1. Established in 1984 by Kanshi Ram, aiming to represent and advocate for Bahujans, which includes scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other backward classes, and minority religions.
    2. Ideologically aligned with the principles of social equality, social justice, and self-respect as propagated by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jyotiba Phule, Gautam Buddha, and other prominent social reformers.
    3. Strong base in Uttar Pradesh, with a presence in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, and Punjab.
    4. Led by Mayawati, the party's national president, and won 10 seats in the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.
  3. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP):
    1. Formed in 1980 by reviving the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
    2. Promotes the concept of cultural nationalism (Hindutva) and seeks to build a strong, modern India rooted in ancient cultural values.
    3. Currently holds power at the central government under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and governs several states across India.
    4. A right-wing party and the leading member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), with J.P. Nadda serving as its national president.
  4. Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M):
    1. Emerged in 1964 after a split from the Communist Party of India (CPI).
    2. Advocates for Marxism-Leninism, socialism, democracy, and secularism, while opposing imperialism and communalism.
    3. Strong support base in states like West Bengal, Kerala, and Tripura, particularly among factory workers and agricultural laborers.
    4. Critical of capitalism and advocates for policies to protect the interests of the working class.
  5. Indian National Congress (INC):
    1. One of the oldest political parties in India, founded in 1885.
    2. Played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence and has since been a prominent player in national and state-level politics.
    3. Led by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and Rajiv Gandhi, the party has governed India for most of its post-independence history.
    4. Currently, the principal opposition party at the national level and leads the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).
  6. National People’s Party (NPP):
    1. Formed in 2012 by P.A. Sangma after a split from the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).
    2. Holds a significant presence in the northeastern state of Meghalaya, with additional representation in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur.
    3. Advocates for regionalism and ethnocentrism, emphasizing the role of education in empowering marginalized sections of society.
    4. Recognized as the first party from the northeast to achieve national party status.

9. Important Regional parties (statewise)

Andhra Pradesh:

  1. Telugu Desam Party (TDP)
  2. Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP)
  3. Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS)

Assam:               

  1. Asom Gana Parishad (AGP)
  2. Bodoland People's Front (BPF)
  3. All India United Democratic Front (AIUDF)

Bihar:

  1. Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)
  2. Janata Dal (United) [JD(U)]
  3. Lok Janshakti Party (LJP)

Goa:

  1. Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP)
  2. Goa Forward Party (GFP)

Gujarat:

  1. Bharatiya Tribal Party (BTP)
  2. Gujarat Parivartan Party (GPP)

Haryana:

  1. Indian National Lok Dal (INLD)
  2. Jannayak Janta Party (JJP)

Jharkhand:

  1. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)
  2. Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) [JVM(P)]

Karnataka:

  1. Janata Dal (Secular) [JD(S)]
  2. Kannada Nadu Party (KNP)
  3. Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party (KPJP)

Kerala:

  1. Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI-M]
  2. Communist Party of India (CPI)
  3. Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)

Madhya Pradesh:

  1. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
  2. Gondwana Gantantra Party (GGP)
  3. Samajwadi Party (SP)

Maharashtra:

  1. Shiv Sena
  2. Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS)
  3. Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)

Odisha:

  1. Biju Janata Dal (BJD)
  2. Samata Kranti Dal (SKD)
  3. Kalinga Sena

Punjab:

  1. Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD)
  2. Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)
  3. Punjab Ekta Party (PEP)

Tamil Nadu:

  1. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)
  2. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
  3. Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK)

Telangana:

  1. Telangana Jana Samithi (TJS)
  2. Telangana Rastra Samithi (TRS)
  3. Telugu Desam Party (TDP)

Uttar Pradesh:

  1. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
  2. Samajwadi Party (SP)
  3. Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD)

West Bengal:

  1. All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)
  2. Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI-M]
  3. All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)
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