Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 4 – The Enemy (Pearl S Buck) Short question answers

 

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Vistas

Chapter 4 – The Enemy

(Pearl S Buck)

Short question answers

Q1. Who was Dr Sadao? Where was his house?

Ans. Dr. Sadao Hoki was a prominent Japanese surgeon and scientist. He had spent eight years of his youth in America, learning everything he could about surgery and medicine. He was honing a finding that would completely clean wounds.

Dr. Sadao's residence was built on rocks high above a tiny beach fringed with bent pines. It was on a stretch of Japanese coastline.

Q2. Will Dr Sadao be arrested on the charge of harbouring an enemy?

Ans. Dr Sadao was aware that if they housed a white guy in their home, they might face arrest. The wounded man was a POW who had escaped with a bullet in his back. Because Japan was at war with America, harboring an enemy constituted treason to Japan. Dr. Sadao may be jailed if someone filed a complaint against him or accused him of harboring an enemy.

Q3. What will Dr Sadao and his wife do with the man?
Ans. Dr. Sadao and his wife, Hana, had told the servants that they merely intended to bring the man to his senses so they could hand him over as a prisoner. They recognized that putting him back in the sea was the best course of action given the circumstances. However, Dr Sadao was opposed to giving over a wounded man to the police. He offered to bring him into his home. He operated on him and removed the bullet from his body. He held the white man inside his house. He and his wife cared for him and nourished him till he was healthy enough to walk on his own.

Q4.What do you learn about Sadao’s father from the story ‘The Enemy’?
Ans. Sadao's father was a visionary. He understood that the islands off Japan's coast were stepping stones to the future. Nobody could limit their future because it was dependent on how they made it. His primary focus was for his son's schooling. He sent his twenty-two-year-old son to America to learn everything he could about surgery and medicine. He adored the Japanese race, customs, and manners.

Q5. Why was Dr Sadao being kept in Japan and not sent abroad with the troops?
Ans. Sadao was a prominent surgeon and scientist. He was honing a finding that would completely clean wounds. Second, the elderly General was receiving medical treatment for an ailment that may necessitate surgery. Sadao was retained in Japan rather than being transferred abroad with the troops for these two reasons.

Q6. Who was Sadao’s wife? Where had he met her? Why did he wait to fall in love with her?
Ans. Hana was Sadao's wife. He met her by happenstance at the home of an American professor. Professor Harley and his wife had been kind individuals. They hosted a party at home for their few foreign pupils. Hana was a new student. He waited to fall in love with her till he knew she was Japanese. It was because his father would never have accepted her unless she was pure in race.

Q7. When and where did Sadao marry Hana? How was their married life?
Ans. Sadao and Hana married when they returned to Japan after graduating medical school. Sadao's father spotted her. The marriage was then arranged in the traditional Japanese style. They'd been married long enough to have two children. Their marital life was quite joyful. They still loved each other.

Q8. In which state did Sadao and Hana find the man? What did they learn about him?
Ans The man lay unmoving, his face on the sand. As they turned the man's head, they noticed that he was white and had long golden hair. His face was young, with a harsh yellow beard. He was unconscious. His tattered cap revealed that he was a sailor from an American battleship.

Q9. What did Sadao learn about the white man’s wound?
Ans. Sadao saw that a gunshot wound had been reopened on the right side of his lower back. The flesh was darkened with powder. The man had been shot recently and had not received treatment. It was a bad possibility that the rock had impacted the wound and reopened it.

Q10.What dilemma did Sadao face about the young white man?
Ans. The white man was wounded. He needed rapid medical attention. Dr. Sadao could accomplish it. However, if they housed a white man in their home, they would be arrested. On the other hand, if they handed him over as a prisoner, he would undoubtedly die. Dr. Sadao was in a fix. It was tough for him to make any decision.

Q11.What was the attitude of Sadao and Hana towards the white man?
Ans. They looked at the motionless figure of the white man with a strange aversion. Both discussed putting him back in the sea, but neither could do so alone. They paused. Sadao claimed that the man was his enemy since he was an American. He would have turned him over to the cops if he hadn't been injured. However, he was wounded. He left the phrase incomplete, hinting that he was unable to do so.

Q12.What solution did Hana offer to resolve Sadao’s predicament?
Ans. Hana realized that neither of them could hurl the white man back into the sea. There was just one thing to do. They must carry the man into their home. They must inform the servants that they plan to hand him over to the police. She reminded her husband about his status and children. It would jeopardize all of them if they did not hand over that individual as a prisoner of war.

Q13. How did the servants react when their master told them about the wounded white man?
Ans. The servants were terrified and confused. The old gardener warned Hana that the master should not cure the white man's wound. He stated that the white man should perish. First, he was shot. The sea then seized him and wounded him with her rocks. If the master healed the damage done by the cannon and the sea, they would exact retribution on them.

Q14. How did Hana react to Sadao’s absorption in his work?
Ans. Sadao continued with his quick, crisp movements. He did not appear to hear her. She was used to his concentration while he was at work. She pondered for a second if it mattered to him what body he worked on as long as the work was done well.

Q15. In what context does Hana remember General Takima? What does she infer?
Ans. General Takima was a merciless tyrant. At home, he severely thrashed his wife. Nobody addressed it today because he'd won a fight in Manchuria. Hana remembers him in light of the sufferings of the prisoners of war. She concludes that if a man (such as General Takima) can be so brutal to a woman in his position, he will be equally terrible to a prisoner. The deep crimson marks on the white man's neck confirmed her suspicions

Q16. How did Hana react when she saw a messenger at the door in official uniform?
Ans. Hana was working hard at unaccustomed labor. When she saw the uniformed courier, her hands became shaky and she couldn't catch her breath. She feared that the servants had already revealed everything. She assumed they had come to arrest Dr Sadao.

Q17. Why, do you think, had the messenger come to Dr Sadao’s house? How did Hana react to the message and what did the messenger take exception to?
Ans. The messenger had came to request that Dr Sadao come to the palace since the old General was in pain once again. In her concern for her husband's safety, Hana inquired whether that was all. The messenger objected to the word 'all' and asked if that wasn't enough. Hana apologized for the error.

Q18. Why, do you think, did the old General not want Dr Sadao to be arrested?
Ans. Dr Sadao had advised the General that he could only take one more such attack like he experienced that day. Then he would need to be operated on. The General requested that Dr. Sadao operate on him. He had no faith in the other German-trained physicians. So he refused to let Dr. Sadao be arrested.

Q19. What plan did the old General suggest for getting rid of the ‘man’?
Ans. He believed it would be better if the white man were discreetly killed—not by the doctor, but by someone he did not know. He offered to send two of his own assassins to his home any time of night. These adept assassins would make no sound. They were familiar with the method of inward bleeding. They may even remove the body. Dr. Sadao was forced to leave the room's exterior wall open, which caused him anxiety.

Q20. Why did Sadao sleep badly at night after meeting the General?
Ans. Sadao awoke several times, imagining he heard the rustling of footsteps, the sound of a twig breaking or a stone dislodged in the garden—or any noise that someone might make when carrying a weight. This lasted for three nights. Sadao grew anxious every night because he expected the assassins to arrive..

Q21. What plan did Dr Sadao devise to get rid of the man?
Ans. Dr. Sadao planned a strategy to let the man escape to the next uninhabited island. He told him everything. He landed his boat, loaded with food and additional clothing. He instructed the man to row to a small island off the coast. He could live there till he noticed a Korean fishing boat passing by.

Q22. How was the plan of the prisoner’s escape executed?
Ans. Dr. Sadao had packed food and bottled water in his sturdy boat. He also used two quilts. After dinner, he cheked the American once more. He handed him his flashlight and instructed him to signal two flashes if he needed additional food. One signal would suggest he was okay. He had to signal at sunset, not in the dark. The man was clothed in Japanese garb, and his blond hair was covered with a black cloth.

Q23. What did Sadao tell the General after a week? Why did he wait that long?
Ans. The General had undergone an emergency procedure the week prior. The gallbladder was affected. He was in critical condition for 12 hours. Then he recovered gradually. After a week, Sadao believed the General was well enough to speak with regarding the prisoner. He informed the general that the prisoner had escaped.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth (Tishani Doshi) Theme

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth

(Tishani Doshi)

Theme

 

 

Journey to the End of the Earth, a Vistas book for Class 12, provides an interesting description of the author's expedition to the world's coldest, windiest, and driest continent. Tishani Doshi believes that visiting Antarctica is vital to understand the planet's past, present, and future. Antarctica preserves the world's geological past, thus studying it can teach us a lot. She accompanied a group of students who were exploring the continent. Her experience with the ice wonders of this ice-region was thrilling..

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth (Tishani Doshi) Summary

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth

(Tishani Doshi)

Summary

The comprehensive summary of "Journey to the End of the Earth" offers an insightful exploration of Tishani Joshi's travelogue recounting her expedition to Antarctica. Guided by Geoff Green, known for leading educational trips, the author embarks on a voyage aboard a Russian vehicle, delving into the educational depths of the Earth's end. This journey becomes a platform for educational purposes and personal discovery.

Traversing about 100 hours via car, plane, and ship, the author's primary goal is an in-depth comprehension of Antarctica's intricacies. During her two-week stay, she observes the desolate landscape, where 90% of Earth's ice resides, devoid of trees or structures, embraced by constant austral summer light and profound silence.

The narrative delves into historical revelations, exploring the distant past of a unified landmass, Gondwana, existing 650 million years ago, nurturing abundant flora and fauna in a much warmer climate. With Gondwana flourishing for 500 million years before the emergence of human beings, the land eventually fragmented into the countries seen today after the dinosaurs' extinction.

The narrative also delves into the stark reality of climate change, urging a direct visit to Antarctica for a closer examination of its impact. Highlighting Antarctica's ecosystem's low biodiversity, it emphasizes the profound consequences of minimal actions on the environment. The depleting ozone layer's potential impact on sea creatures, birds, and the global carbon cycle is underscored, attributed to contributors like fossil fuel burning.

The author reflects on the fragile balance, exemplified by phytoplankton, warning of the imminent danger posed to human life by the deteriorating quality of Antarctica. The story concludes with the author's contemplation while observing seals basking on ice, pondering whether this beauty will endure or succumb to a catastrophic future.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth (Tishani Doshi) Long question answers

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth

(Tishani Doshi)

Long question answers

 

Q1 How did the author defend the use of the heading “journey to the end of the earth”?

Ans Tishani Doshi, the author, convincingly validates the title "Journey to the End of the World." The entire group brimmed with excitement during their expedition to Antarctica, discovering firsthand the extremities of the world's coldest, driest, and windiest continent. Their expedition proved highly successful as experiencing Antarctica's vastness, significance, and pivotal role in upholding ecological balance is truly graspable only through physical presence there.

In an extensive exploration of this isolated landmass, the author unearthed Antarctica's pristine, untouched state, contemplating humanity's origins and potential future trajectories. The author posited that without addressing the rapidly accelerating global warming, the unstoppable thawing of ice, especially glaciers, could occur, underscoring the critical importance of preserving Antarctica, housing 90% of the world's ice. There's a concern that, in the foreseeable future, Antarctica might trigger cataclysmic consequences, potentially endangering human life on Earth, ultimately leading to the world's end.

Q2 Describe the journey to Antarctica by the Vessel Akademik Shokalskiy.

Ans The inaugural expedition comprises 52 individuals led by the intrepid and knowledgeable Canadian, Geoff Green. To instill in teenagers the pressing importance of exploring Antarctica, Green initiated the Students on Ice mission aboard the Akademik Shokalskiy, a Russian vessel bound for the planet's most frigid, driest, and windiest continent.

Traversing nine time zones, navigating through six checkpoints, crossing three bodies of water, and encountering at least as many distinct ecosystems, the journey embarked from Madras, situated 19.09 degrees North of the equator. They spent over 100 hours in transit via vehicle, aircraft, and ship before reaching Antarctica's expansive white terrain and uninterrupted blue skyline, evoking feelings of wonder and determination amidst the vastness and isolation.

Q3 ‘Take care of small things and big ones will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of Antarctica?

Ans The significance of the small things stands on its own merit. When these minor elements unite, their influence extends to larger scales. In the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton function as its grass, harnessing light energy through photosynthesis to generate the chemical sustenance supporting food and oxygen for all marine life. Despite being minute single-celled plants, phytoplankton play an indispensable role in nourishing and maintaining the entire Southern Ocean's food web, sustaining animals and birds. Thus, the existence of life hinges upon these minuscule organisms.

However, the activities of these plants and indeed the entire Earth's ecology face potential impacts from global warming. These plants utilize solar energy to absorb carbon and produce vital organic compounds. The escalating depletion of the Ozone layer stands as a looming threat to this natural system. Halting this depletion is imperative to uphold our ecological equilibrium and safeguard all living beings from the brink of extinction.

Therefore, by acknowledging the importance of these small elements, we inherently care for the larger components. It's crucial to be vigilant and tend to these minor aspects to naturally preserve the broader ecological balance and ensure the survival of all life forms.

Q4 A lot can happen in a million years, but what a difference a day makes. Explain.

Ans The author embarked on a journey to Antarctica, renowned as the planet's coldest, driest, and windiest continent, accompanied by a group of 52 individuals. The stark, uninhabited landscape, devoid of trees, signs, or structures, evoked a sense of exhilaration. Antarctica's study holds the potential to unveil the secrets of evolution and extinction, given that Earth's history traces back to this region.

It's imperative to acknowledge that preserving nature is paramount to preventing the extinction of humanity. Antarctica, housing 90% of the world's ice and harboring enigmatic secrets beneath its surface, stands as an ideal focal point for such preservation efforts. The author spent a fortnight with a group of teenagers under the guidance of Canadian leader Geoff Green. Reflecting on the urgency of action, the author remarked on the vast possibilities within a million years but emphasized the immense impact a single day can make.

 

Q5 Geoff Green, a Canadian explorer and educator, started to include high school students on the expedition Students on Ice. Explain why?

Ans Since its inception, Geoff Green has led prominent figures, affluent retirees, and inquisitive individuals to Antarctica, yet their collective dissatisfaction and obliviousness to humanity's challenges have been palpable. Authorities have failed to grasp the environmental concerns, showing little response or concern. The futility of Geoff's efforts and the considerable time squandered were apparent.

However, the project evolved to offer an educational opportunity for newcomers to delve into our world and ecology. Geoff shifted focus towards engaging students, willing participants, and eager learners. These youths exhibit a readiness to absorb information, comprehend it, and take immediate action.

Recognizing the imminent threat of global warming, these young individuals stand poised to become future policymakers, responsible for addressing and resolving environmental issues. Consequently, the expedition or movement has begun yielding positive outcomes, fostering heightened awareness among people about the perils of global warming.

Q6 The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica. How is the study of this region useful to us? (CBSE 2008)

Ans Antarctica's comprehension can be simultaneously bewildering and enlightening. Some 350 million years ago, a supercontinent named "Gondwana" predominated, with its epicenter approximately in the vicinity of present-day Antarctica. During this epoch, the environment boasted significantly higher temperatures and supported a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The Gondwana supercontinent thrived for a staggering 500 million years.

During that era, the fragmentation of this landmass into separate continents significantly shaped the trajectory of the modern world. A study of this region offers a clear lens through which to trace our origins, contemplate potential future paths, and comprehend the processes of species evolution and extinction.

Q7 Based on the chapter, elucidate any three consequences that global warming will have on Antarctica.
Ans The pressure on land intensifies due to a rapid and ongoing surge in the human population while natural resources steadily diminish. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation contribute to a global temperature rise, leading to alarming consequences such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, and glacier retreat. These perilous developments pose a significant threat to human survival, as well as the well-being of birds and marine life.

Moreover, the anticipated rise in sea and ocean levels due to these factors could submerge numerous low-lying regions. Experts warn of the potential impact on phytoplankton activity from future thinning of the ozone layer, affecting the lives of birds and marine creatures in the affected areas. The repercussions of Antarctica warming due to global warming could trigger catastrophic events elsewhere.

Q8 Identify Tishani Doshi’s writing style in Journey to the End of the Earth and state two aspects that characterise it using examples from the text.

Ans In her writing, she meticulously incorporates precise factual details, meticulously noting specifics such as the vessel's name, the duration of her journey to Antarctica, the count of time zones, checkpoints, along with geological and historical facts that form the foundation of her narrative. Her writing is structured into three distinct sections, each marked by a heading for clear delineation. She skillfully employs descriptive language, crafting vivid word-paintings that bring scenes to life. Through visual imagery, she draws comparisons, likening the ice-covered expanse of Antarctica to an unending canvas of "stark whiteness," effectively imprinting a mental picture of the location.

Furthermore, she employs similes adeptly, likening the experience of visiting Antarctica to "walking into a giant ping-pong ball," infusing her narrative with lively, relatable descriptions that enhance the reader's immersion in the experience.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth (Tishani Doshi)

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 3 – Journey to the end of Earth

(Tishani Doshi)

Short question answers

	Q1 How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of mankind? (CBSE 2000, 2009) Ans Geological occurrences help us learn more about human history since they are the only way to grasp the Earth's past, present, and future. What life was like previously and how it has changed throughout time. Scientists believe that beneath the strata of Antarctica lies the world's geological past. Q3 Akademik Shokalskiy was heading towards Antarctica, why? Ans The Russian ship Akademik Shokalskiy, commanded by Canadian Geoff Green, was headed towards Antarctica with a 52-person crew to research and explore human history. Q5 After reaching Gondwana, what were the students’ reactions? Ans They were ecstatic since they were in a remote corner of the planet with no human population and a peaceful environment; it was devoid of flora, signs, and buildings.Q6 Gondwana existed before six hundred and fifty million years ago. Explain. Ans A gigantic merged Southern supercontinent called Gondwana existed approximately 650 million years ago, centered on present-day Antarctica. Meteorites falling to Earth smashed or split the Gondwanan continents. And the fragments of Gondwana combined to form a new continent. As a result, they represent the world's seven continents. Q7 How does Antarctica factor into environmentalists’ debates? Ans Antarctica is frequently discussed by environmentalists since it is the only continent unaffected by human activities. Concerns have been raised regarding whether it will melt, how it will effect the Gulf Stream ocean movement, and whether it will bring the planet to an end. Q9 Why is Antarctica the ideal location for studying nature? Ans Antarctica is an ideal area to study nature since it has a simple environment and a lack of species; most importantly, it is uninhabited by humans. Q10 Why the programme ‘Students on Ice’ became so successful? Ans The program's efficacy stems from the fact that no location near the South Pole can be visited without being affected by it. Students were given educational opportunities through this program. Q11 What justifications does Geoff Green give for bringing high school kids along on the Students on Ice Expedition OR Students on Ice is a programme that prepares global citizens. Discuss. (CBSE QUESTION BANK) Ans Six years after this chapter was published, Canadian Geoff Green launched the Students on Ice programme. Because high school students still had a lot of absorbing, learning, and, most importantly, acting to do, it was critical to include them in the most engaging educational opportunities that would raise awareness of our ecosystem's deterioration and promote a knowledge of how to save our planet. Q12 “Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves: What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment? Ans Antarctica is a good area for research because of its simple ecosystem and lack of fauna. Photosynthesis is performed by single-celled, microscopic phytoplankton using energy from the Sun. Furthermore, any hindrance to this process will have an influence on both the global carbon cycle and the survival of all local birds and marine mammals. Experts warn and urge that if the small things are taken care of, the big ones will follow. Q13 Why is Antarctica the best site to visit in order to comprehend the past, present, and future of the earth? (CBSE 2010) Ans Antarctica is currently the only region on Earth that is in its purest and most natural state, with carbon records preserved in its ice layers dating back 500,000 years. Because it has never supported a human population, Antarctica is still considered relatively "pristine" in this sense. To understand the past, present, and future of Earth, one must visit to Antarctica. Q14 For the narrator, spending two weeks in Antarctica is a challenge not only for the body but also the mind. Elaborate. (CBSE QUESTION BANK) Ans Throughout their two-week trek to Antarctica, the narrator of "Journey to the End of the World" faces both physical and psychological challenges. It's difficult to have a positive attitude because of the harsh weather and isolation, and it's perplexing because of the darkness and lack of markers.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 2 – The Tiger King (Kalki) Theme

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 2 – The Tiger King

(Kalki)

 

Theme

About the Author: Kalki Krishnamurthy (1899—1954), known as Kalki, was a Tamil writer, journalist, poet, critic, and Indian independence activist. His extensive repertoire includes over 120 short stories, 10 novelettes, 5 novels, 3 historical romances, editorial and political writings, biographies, travelogues, and numerous film and music reviews. Kalki excels in transporting readers to the era depicted in his stories.

Theme / Central Idea of the Lesson: "The Tiger King" delves into the transient nature of life and power while serving as a satire on those in positions of authority. It exposes how rulers often prioritize frivolous pursuits over public welfare. The narrative reveals the self-serving nature of individuals surrounding those in power who seek personal gain.

Appropriateness of Title: “The Tiger King” aptly encapsulates multiple facets of the story. Firstly, the king's obsession with tiger hunting, his marriage strategy based on tiger-populated territories, and his relentless pursuit of a hundred tigers align with the title. Secondly, the king embodies the ferocity and fierceness of a tiger in his behavior. Lastly, his demise due to a wooden tiger sliver fulfills the prophecy of a tiger causing his death, tying back to the central theme.

Moral/ Message of the lesson: The story's satire underscores how humans have needlessly subjected innocent animals to suffering and death to satisfy personal desires. The Maharaja's relentless tiger-hunting led to the extinction of tigers in certain regions, yet he remained oblivious to the consequences. The narrative emphasizes the primary responsibility of rulers towards the welfare of their citizens.

Important Themes:

Satirical critique of the arrogance of those in power.

Commentary on politicians prioritizing personal gratification over public welfare and governance.

The self-destructive nature of pride and its consequences.

Advocacy for wildlife conservation and the need to protect endangered species.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 2 – The Tiger King (Kalki) Summary

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 2 – The Tiger King

(Kalki)

 

Summary

The narrative revolves around Maharaja Sir Jilani Hung Bahadur of Pratibandapuram. Astrologers, when he was merely ten days old, foretold his future demise at the jaws of a tiger. Astonishingly, the infant prince quipped, "Let tigers beware!" His upbringing mirrored that of a typical royal child, nurtured on white cow’s milk, cared for by an English nanny, and exposed to English films.

Upon ascending the throne at twenty, the Maharaja learned of this ominous prophecy. Determined to avert fate, he embarked on a tiger-hunting spree and outlawed tiger hunts in his realm. Astrologers warned of the 100th tiger, cautioning even after slaying 99, he should remain vigilant.

During a visit by a senior British officer who sought a tiger hunt, the Maharaja refused, instead gifting the officer's wife fifty diamond rings worth three lakh rupees to pacify him. Over a decade, he successfully dispatched 70 tigers, depleting Pratibandapuram's tiger population. To fulfill his goal, he wed a girl from a kingdom teeming with tigers, ensuring he hunted 5-6 tigers on every visit. Despite these efforts, the elusive 100th tiger remained elusive.

In desperation, the Maharaja's rage fell upon the Dewan. To save himself, the Dewan arranged for an aged circus tiger to be placed in the forest. The Maharaja, upon hunting this tiger, believed he had succeeded, unaware his shot missed, causing the tiger to collapse in fright. Afraid to disclose the truth, they slew the tiger and paraded it triumphantly.

 

Celebrating joyously, the Maharaja gifted a wooden tiger to his son, unwittingly causing a woodcut on his hand that led to a fatal infection. In a twist of fate, the wooden 100th tiger avenged itself, ultimately causing the demise of the king.

Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 2 – The Tiger King (Kalki) Long question answers

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English

Vistas

Chapter 2 – The Tiger King

(Kalki)

Long question answers

Q1. What do you learn about princes and kings of native Indian states during the British rule from the story ‘The Tiger King’?

Ans. The story ‘The Tiger King’ presents a fair glimpse of the young princes and the Maharajas of native Indian states. Their long names with descriptive titles and decorative honours was more a rule than an exception. They considered recognition from the British government and its officers a favour. They aped the Britishers in upbringing, education, manners and behaviour. The Maharajas were autocrats and their words were the law. They could be benevolent as well as stubborn. Their minions as well as ministers feared and respected them. Sometimes their whims proved quite costly to the state coffer. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram spends three lakh of rupees on gift of diamond rings to retain his kingdom. Marriages with princesses of other states are based on considerations other than love or virtues of the girl. In short, the Princes and Maharajas are portrayed as whimsical, stubborn and excitable persons proud of their virtues and valour.

Q2. What did the astrologers predict about the infant prince ? What was the miracle that baffled them. ? What did the chief astrologer enlighten the prince about and how ?

Ans. The moment the prince entered the world, astrologers foretold an inevitable demise for the Tiger King, owing to the influence of the particular star governing his birth. An extraordinary event followed swiftly thereafter. From the mouth of the ten-day-old Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur came a startling utterance: "O wise prophets!" This statement left everyone frozen in astonishment and bewilderment. The infant conveyed that all beings must ultimately face mortality, rendering their predictions unnecessary. Yet, he sought clarity on the manner of that eventual demise.

The astrologers found themselves confounded by the unexpected articulation of a mere ten-day-old infant, not only speaking but also posing astute queries. It was a remarkable occurrence. The head astrologer focused his gaze on the young prince, citing that the prince was born during the hour of the Bull. Given the enmity between the Bull and the Tiger, the prediction implied that death would be brought about by the Tiger.

Q3. How did the Maharaja try to disprove the prediction of the chief astrologer? What did the state astrologer assert when the Maharaja summoned him to show his first kill?

Ans. Following the astrologers' prophecy of death by a tiger, the Maharaja took decisive action to protect himself by embarking on a tiger-hunting campaign. The forests of Pratibandapuram state housed an ample population of tigers. The Maharaja's elation knew no bounds when he successfully hunted down his initial tiger. Summoning the state astrologer, he presented the slain beast for inspection.

Seeking clarification, the Maharaja inquired about the implications of his actions. The astrologer cautioned that while the Maharaja might eliminate ninety-nine tigers using the same approach, extreme caution was essential when dealing with the hundredth tiger. Intrigued, the Maharaja probed further, questioning the astrologer about the outcome if the hundredth tiger met the same fate.

In response, the state astrologer conveyed that should the hundredth tiger also be slain, he would renounce his practice of astrology entirely, destroying all his astrological books by setting them ablaze. Additionally, he declared intentions to discard his tuft, trim his hair short, and transition into the profession of an insurance agent.

Q4. What problems did the Maharaja face in pursuit of his mission ? How did he resolve them ?

Ans. The Maharaja embarked on his singular mission of slaying one hundred tigers with unwavering dedication, channeling all his energy and focus into this pursuit. He pledged that only after achieving this goal would he attend to any other matters. Initially, the king appeared resolute in realizing his ambition. However, obstacles and challenges soon arose. Instances occurred where his shots missed their target, and he found himself in peril as the tiger pounced on him, forcing him to confront the wild beast using only his bare hands. Fortunately, owing to his indomitable courage, the Maharaja emerged victorious each time.

At one juncture, he faced the jeopardy of losing his throne due to his refusal to allow a high-ranking British officer to hunt a tiger in the Pratibandapuram forest. Rejecting the officer's request to be photographed with a gun beside a tiger slain by the Maharaja, the king had to relinquish a valuable gift to assuage the officer's wounded pride and safeguard his kingdom.

Q5. How does the author satirise the hunting instincts of the persons in authority ?

Ans. The narrative illustrates the societal perception of big game hunting as a royal pursuit. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram took this fervor to an extreme by prohibiting tiger hunting in his realm for all but himself. His obsession with hunting tigers consumed his thoughts during the day and filled his dreams at night. All state affairs were postponed as he dedicated himself solely to this pursuit, transforming what was once a pastime into the sole purpose of his existence. His marriage was even influenced by his passion for tigers; he selected a princess from a kingdom abundant in tigers and was willing to undertake any risks for the sake of the hunt.

British officers, too, developed a penchant for this aristocratic activity, perhaps regarding it as a symbol of status. Their interest lay in publicizing their hunts, desiring photographs posing with a firearm alongside the slain tiger. Notably, various other hunts were prevalent, encompassing boar, mouse, and mosquito hunts, each differing in risk and resistance from their targets. This descending order of peril leads to a sense of amusement at the whims and eccentricities of these hunters. Consequently, the story sheds light on the inclination of individuals in positions of power towards the pursuit of hunting wild animals.

Q6. What will the Maharaja do to find the required number of tigers to kill?
Ans. In a span of ten years, the Maharaja successfully hunted down seventy tigers, eventually leading to the extinction of the tiger population within the forests of Pratibandapuram. On one occasion, the Maharaja summoned the dewan and inquired if he was aware of the remaining thirty tigers awaiting his gun. The dewan visibly trembled with apprehension. However, the Maharaja revealed that he had made the decision to marry and instructed the dewan to compile data on tiger populations across various native states. The directive was to explore the possibility of finding a suitable bride within a royal family from a state boasting a significant tiger population. This plan was set in motion, and the dewan identified a suitable girl from a state abundant in tigers. Each time the Maharaja visited his father-in-law, he successfully hunted down five or six tigers, fulfilling the requisite count. Eventually, he shot down a total of ninety-nine tigers.

Q7. How will the Maharaja prepare himself for the hundredth tiger which was supposed to decide his fate?
Ans. The Maharaja's agitation escalated to the pinnacle of anticipation as only a solitary tiger remained to be hunted. Thoughts of this hundredth tiger consumed his days and invaded his nightly dreams. However, even in his father-in-law's domain, the tiger population had dwindled, rendering the search for tigers futile. The Maharaja's quest to slay this final beast became an unattainable pursuit as tigers seemingly vanished altogether. The prospect of eliminating this last tiger became crucial, as per the cautionary words of the deceased chief astrologer, warning the Maharaja to beware of the hundredth tiger. This realization plunged the Maharaja into a state of despondency.

 

A glimmer of hope emerged when reports surfaced of frequent sheep disappearances from a village situated on a hillside within the Maharaja's own realm, indicating the presence of a tiger. Hastily informed by the villagers, the Maharaja swiftly declared a three-year tax exemption for the affected village and embarked on the hunt immediately. Yet, the elusive tiger proved difficult to trace, compelling the Maharaja to camp in the forest and await the tiger's appearance.

Q8. What will now happen to the astrologer? Do you think the prophecy was indisputably disproved?
Ans. I To safeguard himself, the dewan arranged for an aged tiger to be transported from the People's Park in Madras, keeping it concealed within his residence. Under the veil of midnight, aided by his elderly wife, he maneuvered the tiger into a car and situated it on the seat. Taking charge of the vehicle himself, he drove directly to the forest where the Maharaja was engaged in his hunt. There, the dewan offloaded the beast from the car and thrust it to the ground. The following day, the same elderly tiger found its way into the presence of the Maharaja. Delighted, the Maharaja carefully aimed at the creature, causing it to collapse into a crumpled heap. The Maharaja exulted, believing he had successfully slain the hundredth tiger.

Subsequently, the hunting party discovered that the old tiger had not perished but had merely lost consciousness upon hearing the gunshot. Fearing repercussions and job loss if the Maharaja learned the truth, one of the hunters swiftly terminated the tiger's life with another shot. The deceased tiger was paraded through the town in procession and laid to rest, a tomb erected as a commemoration.

The prophecy remained unchallenged as the king met his demise due to an infection from a splinter of a wooden tiger. The astrologer, having passed away, escaped both punishment and recognition for his prophecy.

Q9. The story is a satire on the conceit of those in power. How does the author employ the literary device of dramatic irony in the story?
Ans. At its surface, ‘The Tiger King’ appears to be a straightforward narrative chronicling the life and reign of a royal prince turned king. The inclusion of prophecies at his birth concerning the nature of his demise adds an intriguing layer of surprise and suspense to the tale.

However, delving deeper, the story unveils itself as a satirical commentary on the arrogance inherent in those wielding authority. It often manifests that individuals in positions of power harbor excessive self-importance. This narrative features two such archetypes—the Tiger King and the British officer. Employing dramatic irony and humor, the author highlights their flaws and vulnerabilities. The words uttered by these characters carry an underlying significance, unknowingly foretelling their fates. The Tiger King's obstinance leads him to pursue the hunting of a hundred tigers, aiming to refute the astrologer's prophecy, ultimately succumbing to a wooden tiger due to his inflexibility.

Similarly, the high-ranking British officer exhibits a comparable vanity. His interest lies more in capturing a photograph beside the tiger's carcass than in the hunt itself. When the Tiger King declines a tiger-hunting excursion, offering alternative pursuits such as boar, mouse, or mosquito hunts, the refusal costs him a substantial sum of three lakh rupees. Despite this, the British officer's ego finds satisfaction when his wife appreciates the diamond rings sent by the Maharaja.

Q10. What is the author’s indirect comment on subjecting innocent animals to the willfulness of human beings?
Ans. For ages, innocent animals have been at the mercy of human whims. Humans have hunted animals for pleasure, sustenance, or their body parts. The author refrains from directly addressing this in the story. Individuals often resort to peculiar reasoning to justify their unlawful and cruel deeds. The Maharaja, for instance, cites an ancient adage—"You may kill even a cow in self-defense"—to rationalize his lack of objection toward killing tigers in self-defense. This not only exposes human callousness toward wildlife but also highlights their disregard for maintaining ecological equilibrium.

The extinction of the tiger species in both the Pratibandapuram state and the domain ruled by the Maharaja’s father-in-law vividly illustrates the consequences of human cruelty toward wild animals. To fulfill the king's desire to hunt one hundred tigers, an aged tiger had to be procured from the People’s Park in Madras, showcasing the lengths to which humans go to satisfy their desires, despite the dire implications for wildlife.

Q11. How would you describe the behaviour of the Maharaja’s minions towards him? Do you find them truly sincere towards him or are they driven by fear when they obey him? Do we find a similarity in today’s political order?
Ans. A minion, within an organization, refers to an insignificant individual obliged to follow commands. The Maharaja possesses numerous minions or servants, most of whom harbor fear and demonstrate unwavering obedience toward him. They refrain from defying or contradicting his directives, as the Maharaja’s displeasure equates to potential job loss or even risking their lives. Only a handful among them genuinely hold sincere sentiments toward him. The chief astrologer stands out as one such individual, willing to renounce his astrological books, cut off his tuft, and trim his hair short if his prediction turns false. Others endeavor to maintain the Maharaja's favor, including the dewan.

However, many officers face dismissal when confronted with the Maharaja’s escalating fury and obstinacy. During the hunt for the hundredth tiger, the king's bullet fails to hit its target, causing the tiger to collapse from shock, appearing as a crumpled heap. While the hunters grasp the reality, they opt not to disclose the truth to the king, fearing potential job loss.

In contemporary political structures, subordinates often serve their superior bosses akin to mute observers, only perceiving what aligns with their masters' desires. Their self-interests and apprehension of elimination serve as driving forces, fostering their unwavering allegiance as faithful servants.

Q12. Give an account of the Maharaja’s impatience for the hundredth tiger and the actual encounter. What, do you think, caused the death of the Tiger King?
Ans. The Maharaja was determined to eliminate the hundredth tiger, believing it would rid him of all fears. However, the scarcity of tigers made their location impossible. When alerted by villagers about tiger activities near a hillside, he ventured into the forest and awaited its appearance. Curiously, the elusive tiger seemed to purposely evade the Maharaja’s pursuit.

To facilitate this hunt, the astute and experienced dewan arranged for an aged tiger from the People’s Park in Madras to be brought and released into the forest near the Maharaja’s encampment under cover of night. The following morning, this same tiger appeared before the Maharaja, exhibiting a docile demeanor. The Maharaja took precise aim at the creature, but in actuality, the bullet had missed its mark. The elderly tiger had merely fainted in reaction to the shock of the passing bullet.

Tragically, the Tiger King met his demise due to an infection caused by a minuscule splinter from a wooden tiger. The wound worsened, developing into a pus-filled sore. Although a surgical procedure was attempted on his arm, he ultimately succumbed. The author reflects that the hundredth tiger achieved its ultimate vengeance upon the Tiger King.

Q13.What devices does the author use to make the story ‘The Tiger King’ humorous and interesting?
Ans. The author employs an array of literary devices to infuse both humor and intrigue into the narrative. He instills elements of astonishment and amusement, initially by orchestrating the unlikely event of a ten-day-old infant articulating intelligent questions. While the astrologers' predictions suggest the inevitability of death, the Tiger King, characterized by unwavering bravery, repeatedly confronts the tiger, the agent of his foretold demise, emerging victorious on each occasion.

The portrayal of the education and upbringing of royal heirs in Indian states, along with their fascination for 'English,' evokes amusement. Additionally, the depiction of various hunts—ranging from tiger-hunts to seemingly comical pursuits like boar, mouse, and mosquito hunts—elicits laughter, revealing the pastimes of those in authority at the expense of innocent animals. The latter two hunts, in particular, appear whimsical and ludicrous.The Maharaja’s contemplation of marrying solely for the sake of a tiger adds an amusing element to the narrative. Furthermore, the contrasting behaviors of the high-ranking British officer and those of the Maharaja and his dewan at different junctures in the story serve as sources of laughter, sustaining the reader's engagement with the plot.